Төрийн бодлогод ёврох арга ашиглах

Зохиогчийн тухай

Д.Долгорсүрэн, доктор, профессор

Удирдлагын академи, Эдийн засаг, санхүүгийн удирдлагын тэнхимийн профессор

Түлхүүр үг: Төрийн бодлого, зан үйлийн эдийн засаг, нөлөөллийн арга

Хураангуй

Зан үйлд нөлөөлдөг ёврох1 арга нь төрийн бодлогод хэрэглэж байгаа уламжлалт аргыг бодвол бага зардалтай атлаа үр нөлөөтэй болохоо харуулсан байна. Энэхүү зөөлөн арга нь хуучин аргыг орлохуйц бие даасан тусгайлсан арга хэрэгсэл болохоосоо илүүтэй бодлогын уламжлалт хэрэгслийн үр нөлөөг сайжруулдаг гэж тогтоожээ. Шинэ арга барил нь хүмүүсийн зан үйлийг өөрчлөхөд учрах аливаа саад бэрхшээлийг олоход тусалдаг. Хичээлээ давтдаггүй сурагчийг яаж хичээлд дуртай болгох вэ? Архи, тамхи, хонжворт тоглоом, гар утаснаас хамааралтай хүмүүсийг яаж буруу зуршлаас салгах вэ? Хурд хэтрүүлэх, гарцгүй газраар зам гарах, татвар төлөхгүй, нийгмийн хэв журам зөрчдөг иргэнийг яаж зөв шийдвэр гаргахад нь туслах вэ? Иргэдийг хэрхэн хуримтлалтай, эрүүл болгох вэ? гэсэн хуучин асуултад шинэхэн хариуг барих ёврох арга нь зан үйлийг өөрчлөхөд тусалдаг бөгөөд хувь хүн болон нийгэм илүү сайн үр дүнд хүрэх боломж олгодог байна.

Эх сурвалжийн жагсаалт

•Allcott (2009) Social norms and energy conservation. Discussion Paper. Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research.

•Arrow, Kenneth J. 1987. “Economic Theory and the Hypothesis of Rationality,” pp. 69–75 in Vol. 2 of The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, eds. John Eatwell et al, New York: Stockton Press.

•Ashraf, Karlan and Yin (2006). Tying Odysseus to the mast: Evidence from a commitment savings product in the Philippines. Quarterly Journal of Economics 121:635–671

•Cialdini (2003) Crafting normative messages to protect the environment. Current Directions in Psychological Science 12:105–109.

•Cialdini (2007) Influence: The psychology of persuasion. New York: Harper Business, Revised Edition, pp.67-85.

•Chetty, Looney and Kroft (2009) Salience and taxation: Theory and evidence. American Economic Review, 99(4): 1145–1177.

•Dijksterhuis and Knippenberg (1998) The Relation between perception and behaviour, or How to win a game of Trivial Pursuit. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74(4):865-877.

•Elbel, Kersh, Brescoll and Dixon (2009) Calorie labelling and food choices: A first look at the effects on low-income people in New York City. Health Affairs. 28(6): 1110-1121.

•Gine, Karlan, Zinman (2008) Put your money where your butt is: A commitment contract for smoking cessation. New York: World Bank.

•Gilovich, T., Griffin, D., and Kahneman, D. (Eds.). (2002). Heuristics and biases: The psychology of intuitive judgment. Cambridge University Press.

•Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

•Kahneman and Thaler (2006) Anomalies: Utility Maximisation and Experienced Utility. Journal of Economic Perspectives 20 (1):221-234.

•Kahneman and Tversky (1984) Choices, values, frames. American Psychologist 39(4):341-350.

•Kahneman, Fredrickson, Schreiber, and Redelemeier (1993) When more pain is preferred to less: Adding a better end. Psychological Science 4: 401-405.

•Karlan, Bertrand, Mullainathan, Shafir, and Zinman, What's advertising content worth? Evidence from a consumer credit marketing field experiment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics Vol. 125, No. 1 (Feb., 2010), pp. 263-306.

•Landry, Lange, List, Price, Rupp (2006). Toward an understanding of the economics of charity: Evidence from a field experiment. Quarterly Journal of Economics 121:747–782.

•Linkenbach and Perkins (2003) Most of Us Wear Seatbelts: The Process and Outcomes of a 3-Year Statewide Adult Seatbelt Campaign in Montana. Conference presentation: The National Conference on the Social Norms Model, Boston, MA, July 17.

•Stock, Miranda, Evans, Plessis and Ridley et al. (2007) Healthy buddies: a novel, peer-led health promotion program for the prevention of obesity and eating disorders in children in elementary school. Pediatrics 120:1059-68.

•Schultz, Nolan, Cialdini, Goldstein and Griskevicius (2007) The constructive, destructive, and reconstructive power of social norms. Psychological Science 18: 429–434.

•Thaler and Sunstein (2008) Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth and happiness.

•Thaler (1999) Mental Accounting Matters. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 12: 183-206.

•Thornton (2008) The demand for, and impact of, learning HIV status. American Economic

•Review, 98, 1829–1863.

•Volpp, John, Troxel, Norton, Fassbender J et al. (2008) Financial incentive based approaches for weight loss: a randomized trial. JAMA. Dec 10; 300(22):2631-7.

•Wang, Macera, Scudder–Soucie, Schmid, Pratt, and Buchner (2004) Cost effectiveness of a bicycle/pedestrian trail development in health promotion. Preventive Medicine, 34:237–242.

•Webb and Sheeran (2006) Does changing behavioral intentions engender behavior change? A meta–analysis of the experimental evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 132:249–268.

•Wryobeck and Chen (2003) Using priming techniques to facilitate health behaviors. Clinical Psychologist 7:105–108.